Review

The ferric uptake regulator of Helicobacter pylori: a critical player in the battle for iron and colonization of the stomach

Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA

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D Scott Merrell

* Author for correspondence

Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. .

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Email the corresponding author at douglas.merrell@usuhs.edu

Published Online:23 May 2013https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.13.43

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Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is arguably one of the most successful pathogens; it colonizes the stomachs of more than half of the human population. Colonization and persistence in such an inhospitable niche requires the presence of exquisite adaptive mechanisms. One of the proteins that contributes significantly to the remarkable adaptability of H. pylori is the ferric uptake regulator (Fur), which functions as a master regulator of gene expression. In addition to genes directly related to iron homeostasis, Fur controls expression of several enzymes that play a central role in metabolism and energy production. The absence of Fur leads to severe H. pylori colonization defects and, accordingly, several Fur-regulated genes have been shown to be essential for colonization. Moreover, proteins encoded by Fur-regulated genes have a strong impact on redox homeostasis in the stomach and are major determinants of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the main roles of Fur in the biology of H. pylori and highlight the importance of this regulatory protein in the infectious process.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: ▪ of interest ▪▪ of considerable interest

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The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US Department of Defense or the NIH.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

Research in the laboratory of DS Merrell is made possible by grant AI065529 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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